Negative Aspects of Animal Testing Essay -- Biology Medical Biomedical

An Evil Science ANIMALS IN RESEARCHDating back to ancient times, animals comport been used in research to advance biomedical sciences. How forever, the ways the human race can exploit these living creatures are absolutely evil. The main trouble animal rights advocates have are not concerned with the idea of using animals in research but the way people can torture these animals. The 20th century has witnessed some of the cruelest acts of violence in the science laboratoryoratory but it has also seen the rise of the animal rights movement. Cruelty will always exist in this world, in some form or another, but hopefully it can be abolished from the laboratories.One could hear the agonizing screams of the horse from a great distance. Inside the lab the horse was being wrestled to the ground as its limbs were bound with ropes. The researchers sat on the horse to keep it still as they were carrying out their cruel deed. Sometimes this experiment could take up to four hours and always th e horse was fully conscious as its throat was slit to expose the jugular vein. After the scientists extracted the blood they needful to make a cheap medicine, they left the horse to bleed to death and then they threw the mutilated carcass onto the streets. This is only one example of the cruelty associated with animals in research. In this case, a horse was tortured and slaughtered to obtain a blood serum that is now rarely used due to the risk it poses to humans. A primary and humane alternative to this process is to merely use a needle to draw blood from the animal. (http//stopanimaltests.com/f-turkishHorses.asp, 7/30/06)Advocates for animal testing claim that, since the fountain of history, many advances in biomedical sciences have been a product of using anima... ...d though it still cannot be seen, the end of animal testing is approaching ever so slowly. In some laboratories evil continues to prevail, but in many others, good is dominating.Works CitedStephens, Martin L., Ph .D. Alternatives to Current Uses of animals in Research, Safety Testing, and Education. Washington, DC Humane association of the United States, 1986.The Hidden Lives of Rats and Mice. Stop Animal Tests. People for the EthicalTreatment of Animals. 30 July 2006 hiddenrats/ .Animal Testing. Wikipedia. 27 July 2006. 30 July 2006.Pratt, Dallas, M.D. Alternatives to Pain. N.p. Argus Archives, 1980.Ryder, Richard. Institutional Speciesism Cruelty is Wrong. AnimalExperimentation Good or Bad? By Richard Ryder, et al. London Hodder &Stoughton, 2002. 57-74.

Bharata Natyam Essay -- Indian Dance Culture Essays

Bharata Natyam Didactic stories are more influential and prevalent in society than people realize. The story of Christs birth keeps the world celebrating His birth every year on Dec. 25th. Attention-grabbing stories written about certain celebrities in tabloid newspapers often draw a capacious following. But interesting stories like these are not just communicated orally or by paper. In a form of classical Indian saltation called Bharata Natyam, performers can convey beliefs, legends, and ideas through movements, gestures, and acquitions put to song. Bharata Natyam is an alternative form of storytelling, which conveys similar and important ideas to that which students concentrate on when studying literature of the world. These ideas are particularly pellucid in the dance, Shabda (Khanda Muruga). Bharata Natyam originated in a manuscript called the Natya Shastra. This manuscript was written by Sage Bharata around 4000 B.C. This dance form was first concei ved in order to express ones energy and emotions and is one of the oldest of the eight other forms of classical Indian dance. Above all other purposes, it is a form of religious building or prayer, which also incorporates another important form of storytelling. Bharata Natyam was initially performed in temples by women who were dedicated to God since birth. However, it eventually made its way to the stage and is in a flash taught and performed worldwide. In relation to literature that most are familiar with throughout the world, Bharata Natyam fulfills all the same important purposes. It gives a sense of history and culture by the nature of the myths the performers convey. Many of the dances pay tribute to a certain god and for this reason ... ...yam. Homepage for India allied an performing arts. 25 Nov. 2002. .Bharatanatyam. Hindu Student Council at University of Michigan. 25 Nov. 2002. .Bharata-Natyam shivah Nataraja, the God of Dance. Bharata-Nat yam Sacred South Indian Dance by Chandikusum. 25 Nov. 2002. .Mishek, Chrysanthi. Personal Interview. 27 Nov. 2002.Shabda (Khanda Muruga). Rangapravesh Classical Indian Dance Performance.Perf. Chrysanthi Mishek. 5 Aug. 2001. Shiva Nataraja Lord of the Dance. Radiant Planet Home Page. 24 Nov. 2002..Thirumalai, Kavita. Bharata Natyam. Rhada Ganesans Home Page. 24 Nov.2002. .

Levinas vis-à-vis the Other Essay -- Religion Philosophy

Levinas vis--vis the otherPhilosophy, arising from its classic tradition of a love of wisdom, seeks to critically examine those questions most fundamental to humankind it is concerned with inherent concepts (or rather, questions) of macrocosm (metaphysics), rightness and goodness, knowledge, truth and beauty. As a branch of metaphysics, ontology seeks, in particular, to understand the nature of being (or existence) by placing objects within categories and organized totalities, while always assuming God as the first cause (causa sui). (Rebidoux) Yet as most philosophers such as Plato, Aristotle and Descartes each attest to their distinct definition of being, there is an exception to these ontological contenders Emmanuel Levinas. By avoiding strict classification or definition in his writings (he avoids putting the saying into the said), Levinas seems to desire participation, or an observe with, his reader. Levinas personal history including an early exposure to the Bible and Jew ish philosophy - may explain both his somewhat unorthodox methods and his massive undertaking of transforming Talmudic concepts into Greek philosophy.(Rebidoux, 19 Jan 2004) No doubt influenced by a traumatic experience as a Jew during the Second World War, Levinas also owes much of his ideological base of operations to his studies with Heidegger and Husserl, who greatly inspired his awareness of phenomenology. In his writings, he applies Husserlian knowledge of this science of phenomena, i.e. things apprehended by consciousness and concrete experiencei i , to his ontological inquiry into the essence of being. Levinas founds these theories in the beginning on the face to face encounter with the Other. His notion of the Other, borrowed ... ...ylink). 27 February 2004http//www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t98.e12456. Rebidoux, Michelle. Lecture. McGill University, Montreal. 21 January 9 February 2004.Notes1 Left without any proof that the innumerous exists and having only a sense of transcendence and new-found ipseity, ones experience of a trauma of awakening is no doubt completely and incommunicably personal, and therefore moldiness be difficult for Levinas to convey to his readers, as it is for me to convey within the limits of this paper.2 Ones own sense of self that arises from this initial inspiration of the Infinite would to a greater extent aptly be called ones ipseity, yet to speak of ones ipseity would be to de-value its utmost personal meaning, and so for the purpose of this paper the ipseity of the Other will be referred to as his or her alterity.

Therapies for Leukemia Patients Essay -- Leukemia

Executive SummaryTwo promising therapies for leukemia patients are bone marrow transplantation andperipheral stem cell transplantation. Successful transplants require that two immunologic barriersbe overcome a host-versus-graft (HVG) reaction and a graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction. Amyeloablative conditioning regimen, which involves a depletion of the patients insubordinate system,usually precedes the transplantation of donor stem cells to control the HVG. However, twentyfiveto 35% of patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation experience life-threateningtransplant-related complications (Holler 1990). Serum tumor necrosis portion (TNF)-_ levels areelevated prior to these complications and are indicative of future problems, such as rejection,graft-versus-host disease, interstitial pneumonitis, endothelial leakage syndrome, and venoocclusivedisease (Remberger 1994).As a result, many a(prenominal) patients who are at high risk for these complications, including patientsover 55 y ears old, patients with poor overall health, and children, are turned down for stem celltransplantation. In the mid-1990s, a regimen was developed that uses non-myeloablativeconditioning. In this procedure, the immune system of the recipient is not totally depleted, whichcreates a tolerable regimen for those high risk patients.This bulge out will compare the relative toxicity of myeloablative allogenic peripheralblood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) and non-myeloablative PBSCT. This will involvecollecting patient serum samples at various time intervals during treatment. The samples will beevaluated for TNF-a concentrations using the ELISA technique. The data will then be used todetermine the toxicity of each regimen.This postulate will p... ...ne response.MacKay I, Rosen F The Immune System. NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2000343 108-117. This is the second part of the review article on immunology. It describeslymphocytes and lymphoid tissue, molecular aspects of the immune re sponse, the energizing andregulation of lymphocytes, immune protection by antibodies and immunologic technology.Tanaka J, Imamura M, Kasai M, et al The important balance between cytokines derived from reference 1 and type 2 helper T cells in the control of graft-versus-host disease. BONE MARROWTRANSPLANTATION 1997 19 571-576. This article assesses the cytokine network aftertransplantation, and its connection to graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). It looks at the balancebetween type 1 (Th1) and type 2 (Th2) helper T cells, and concludes that severe GVHD may berelated to a cytokine imbalance between the helper cells.

John D. Rockefeller Essay -- Standard Oil Company Biography Essays

John D. RockefellerJohn Davison Rockefeller (July 8, 1839 - May 23, 1937) was the guiding force behind the creation and development of the Standard Oil Company, which grew to dominate the oil industry and became one of the premiere super trusts in the United States, thus engendering much controversy and opposition regarding its business practices and form of organization. Rockefeller also was one of the first major philanthropists in the U.S., establishing several important foundations and donating a total of $540 million to charitable purposes. Rockefeller was born on farm at Richford, in Tioga County, New York, on July 8, 1839, the second of the six children of William A. and Eliza (Davison) Rockefeller. The family lived in modest circumstances. When he was a boy, the family moved to Moravia and later to Owego, New York, before going west to Ohio in 1853. The Rockefellers bought a shack in Strongsville, near Cleveland, and John entered Central High School in Cleveland. While he was a student he rented a room in the city and joined the Erie Street Baptist Church, this later became the Euclid Avenue Baptist Church. Rockefeller started to work at the age of 16 as a clerk in a crushed produce firm. After that he formed a partnership in a grain commission house. Cleveland was a good place to organize something big in the oil business. There were two major east-west railroads in Cleveland. Also, Cleveland was on Lake Erie, which was big enough for large ships to harbor. This made it possible to transport the oil easily. Rockefeller was set(p) to make Cleveland the center of oil business. Before he was able to accomplish this feat, he would eventually create the largest oil company in the world in Cleveland, titled Standar... ...he created are the Rockefeller Foundation, Rockefeller Institute, the General Education Board, and the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial. Today the Rockefeller name lives on through the institutions he founded. John D. Rockefeller s tarted with very little, amassed a fortune, and then gave back to the bucolic that made it possible for him to be so successful. To sum this all up Rockefeller created extremely successful companies, he used what are now corrupt methods in some aspects of his corporation building to get to the top. The success of the Standard Oil Company is credited to the fact that its owners ran them with great authority. In this very competitive judgment of conviction period, many new businesses were being formed. It took talented businessmen such as Rockefeller to get ahead and keep the companies running and make the fortunes that were made during this period.

John D. Rockefeller Essay -- Standard Oil Company Biography Essays

posterior D. RockefellerJohn Davison Rockefeller (July 8, 1839 - May 23, 1937) was the guiding force behind the human beings and development of the Standard Oil Company, which grew to dominate the oil industry and became one of the first big trusts in the United States, thus engendering much controversy and resister regarding its business practices and form of organization. Rockefeller also was one of the first major philanthropists in the U.S., establishing several important foundations and donating a total of $540 million to charitable purposes. Rockefeller was born on farm at Richford, in Tioga County, New York, on July 8, 1839, the second of the six children of William A. and Eliza (Davison) Rockefeller. The family lived in modest circumstances. When he was a boy, the family moved to Moravia and later to Owego, New York, in the lead going west to Ohio in 1853. The Rockefellers bought a house in Strongsville, near Cleveland, and John entered Central High School in Cleveland. W hile he was a student he rented a room in the city and joined the Erie Street Baptist Church, this later became the Euclid Avenue Baptist Church. Rockefeller started to work at the age of 16 as a clerk in a small produce firm. After that he formed a partnership in a grain focussing house. Cleveland was a good place to organize something big in the oil business. There were two major east-west railroads in Cleveland. Also, Cleveland was on Lake Erie, which was big enough for freehanded ships to harbor. This made it possible to transport the oil easily. Rockefeller was determined to make Cleveland the center of oil business. Before he was able to accomplish this feat, he would eventually pass water the largest oil company in the world in Cleveland, titled Standar... ...he created are the Rockefeller Foundation, Rockefeller Institute, the General Education Board, and the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial. Today the Rockefeller name lives on through the institutions he founded. Joh n D. Rockefeller started with very little, amassed a fortune, and then gave back to the country that made it possible for him to be so successful. To sum this all up Rockefeller created extremely successful companies, he used what are now corrupt methods in some aspects of his corporation building to get to the top. The success of the Standard Oil Company is credited to the event that its owners ran them with great authority. In this very competitive time period, many new businesses were being formed. It took talented businessmen such as Rockefeller to get ahead and foreclose the companies running and make the fortunes that were made during this period.

Curry Powder Indusrty

INDUSTRY PROFILE India is a land of spices where many an(prenominal) varieties ar grown in the different regions of the country. The people of the country ar fond of spicy food so the spices are the most important ingredient in any Indian sweetie. The nation is not just the prodigious producer and consumer of spices but as well a major player in supranational commercialize, exporting the surplus and importing the deficit. Spices play an important role in enhancing the flavor and taste of the processed foods. They are also utilize in the medicines because of their carminative, simulative and digestive properties.India produces almost all the known spices and is the largest exporter of this commodity. Ground spices are extensively used in all types of curried dishes in India and abroad. Although spices are traded chiefly in an unprocessed form, a small yet significant quantity enters international trade as spice powders. Curry powder is the foremost of those blends or mixes and sometimes consists of 20 or more spices designed to add the characteristic flavor of an Indian get dressed, which is comprehended all over the world. Apart from the overseas market, processed get dressed powder is becoming popular in the domestic market also.Hence the demand for clean spices and decorate powder in attractive handy packaging is riotous emerging. FOOD INDUSTRY IN INDIA In India, agricultural and dairy sector deal got achieved remarkable successes over the last three and half decades. Besides being one of the worlds largest producers of food grains. India ranks second in the world in the production of fruits and vegetables and first in milk production providing frequently needed foods security to the nation. India is one of the worlds major food producers but accounts for less(prenominal) than 1. 5%of international food trade.The value of the Indian food industry has increased from 3. 09 trillion in 1993-94 to Rs. 3. 99 trillion in 2000-01. The segment wi th largest increase potential have been identified as dairy, fruits and vegetables and poultry. Food marketing is a highly regulated industry. Regulation in food marketing attempted regulates competitor and monopolistic condition facilitates trade, protect consumers and directly influence food price and faster economic and social progress. India produces variety of spice products. No country in the world produces as much kind of spices products as India producing.The Indian spices and curry powder market plays an important role in the daily life of Indians. Now, curry powder industries have a prominent role in food product industry in India INDIAN SPICES India is the largest producers of spices in the world as the brave is apparently suitable for the cultivation of spices. Spices are cultivating in 28 states and 7 territorial provinces in India. As of now, India is producing around 2. 5 million tones of various spices cute dearly 3 billion US$ and holding a premier position in the world.Moreover India is the major exporters of spices in the world under the benign of India government owned Spices board of India, which is the apex body for the export promotion of spices in India. This was established in 1987. The board plays a far reaching and important role as a development, regulatory and promotional agency for Indian spices. In early days Indian people were stored the various kinds of spices such as chilly, turmeric, coriander and so on, for preparing the various dishes and gravies. These spices were separately and blending depends on the nature of dishes.Spices used to flavor with the help of indigenous tools at home by women, as that was the custom during that period. In course of time situations are changed, people are forced to use electronic devices in order to reduce their domestic job. In turns, they used readymade curry powders at their home. Gradually they have fallen in to a habit of using instant curry powders from the open market. Taken re ceived of this situations several firms were came forward to launch curry powder industries. That is why curry powder industries were emerging immensely all over the country.As of now curry powder industries have a prominent role in Food industry in India. CURRY POWDER The name Curry powder like a shot is synonymous with the Indian food. The word curry is believed to be delivered from the South Indian Tamil World Karhi. During the British Raj in India, curry evolved as the world exposit Indian food cooked in this spices sauce. Over the years, the foreigners, especially British who leaved or visited India . Slowly started to introduce the curry to outside the world. The good commercial curry powder was hard to find during the early days.People had to make curry powder from scratch if they wanted quality. However, now many good curry powders are easily found in India as healthful as western super markets. Curry powder is blend or mixture of the different spices, which defers harmon ize to geographic regions or personal preference. CURRY POWDER INDUSTRY In the scenario, economy exhibits high line of consumerism. The curry powder industry has witnessed the entry of many companies in the Indian market by pumping huge amount of capital in order to capture the market share.However many domestic companies have emerged with various attraction products with a view to overcome the country wide companies and capturing a large number of customers. On our observation most of the companies are acting satisfactorily for a particular brand to move fast in the market it has to meet the 4 As. That is the market customers should be aware of it, should be an acceptable, available and affordable. Obviously, the manufactures should understand the need and wants of the customer and provides get satisfaction in order to succeed in the business world. Curry powder is a well known name among the Indian people.It is the combination of finely powdered spices. For each dish there are d ifferent curry powder spices. For each dish there are different curry powders but the ingredients are more or less the same. Now a days most of the housewives are using this ready-made curry powder and so the quantity required is increasing day by day. So this is an industry by which a sassy entrepreneur can start without second though. But the manufacturers should give attention for capturing the market. Now days not besides the urban people but villages also have a craze for these ready-made curry powders.There is a good market for curry powder in India and abroad. The major players in the curry powder in India are Eastern, Melam, Mangala, Saras, etc. As Keralas largest producer of condiments, Eastern Condiments (P) Ltd has helped to keep the famous spice route alive. With an experience of over 30 years in producing spices, they have provided their consumers with consistently high quality powders and blends Melam the word means a multiple of musical instruments in harmony creati ng a fast of exotic and exquisite music. M. V. J. Foods (India) (P) Ltd.Cochin brings out a variety curry powder and spice powder under the brand name Melam. The melam range is large and includes a great variety of perception. devon, THE SPICE of life deven foods gives a wide range of aromatic spice powders and curry powders for all culinary needs. They use only best quality spices and process them in appropriate condition. Sara spice is the condiment producing unit of the Anna group. Company is involved in the production and exports of Indian spices. Like curry powder, Masala powder, Indian whole spices since the past two decades. CURRY POWDER MARKETAlthough Indian spices have been in the world market for several centuries, the curry powder business, specially curry masala (blender, spices) has not been exploited by the Indian entrepreneurs to a significant extent. Export of this product has not registered any significant growth producers in un nonionised sector have dominated t he domestic market, for curry powder and curry masala . Obviously the curry powder growth industries brand promotion continues to be significant till recently. However, few manufacturers from the organized sector have been promoting branded products in Kerala market recently.Competition has turned to be aggressive with the stagnation in the international market. Producing of curry powder and curry masala are involving in marketing strategies to ensure significant market shares although in specific segment DOMESTIC MARKET The India market for curry powder is estimated at Rs. 500 Cr. This is account for 25% of world consumption of curry powders. The curry powder market is estimated to be around Rs. 150Cr, with approximate 35% of market in south India. The curry powder market in Kerala is estimated at Rs 70 Cr. The market can be categorized in to 3 groups. * The premium segment The medium segment * Un organized sector In the previous segment the major brands in the market are Everest, Melam Saras and MDH . the moot done by various authorities revels that moast popular Brand in the premium segment is Everest with 30% market share . Melam had 50% market share, piece other brads had a negligible share in the premium segment. However, the premium makes up only 30% of the total market of curry powder in Kerala. The medium segment consist 50% of total curry powder market, Easter is the market leader in the segment. The unorganized segment consists of 20% of the total curry powder market.INTERNATIONAL MARKET Exports of spices from India usually take place in bulk form. The export of value added products are few, as none private-enterprise(a) prices cannot survive in the International market. Curry powder is value added spice product. the world consumption of curry powder is estimated to be 20000 metric tons in 2004, 2005. Exports of curry powder from Indian keep fluctuating between 2500 to 3500 metric tons . An analysis of annual exports of curry powders from India r eveals that the exports do not show much variation . in total value terms the figures have been increasing over the years .In Indian curry powder industries, there was a few curry powder industries were existed of the beginning of which the following firms were the main producers. * MDH * EVEREST In Kerala the following a few companies were existed in producing curry powders in early stages viz. * Techno curry powder * Ambika curry powder * Rani curry powder The following are the some of the manufacturers and exporters of curry powders in India. * Asha impex (P) Ltd * Alvel sales * Amas spices * Anand Exportes * Anil grover &co * Aries Exports * B. M entrprices * Brahmins food products * C. B. R masala

Humanities Today Essay

The academic discipline known as humanistic discipline is the study of how man interprets the world around him. The study of humanities has been around since mankind began analyze and questioning the world they lived in. According to the article What are the humanityities?(2000), when the National Endowment for the Humanities was established in 1964, Congress created the following definition of humanities which included the study ofhistory literature philosophy and ethics foreign languages and cultures linguistics jurisprudence or philosophy of law archeology comparative piety the history, theory, and criticism of the arts and those aspects of the social sciences.In this definition the key head for distinguishing humanities from other modes of human query is the fact that humanities are base on historical and expressive interpretation quite a than theory and logic. Humanities inquire about the humans interpretation of his or her surroundings. The inquiries grapple from the widely distributed population or an individuals own expression of human reaction to historical events and the way that it is expressed through art, science, politics, literature, music, architecture, and religion. Other modes of human inquiry are based off of proven facts and scientific theories. A persons interpretation has little to do with science (What are the Humanities, 2000).ArtOne of the more disputed ways that the arts have been affected by new(a) humanities is the showcasing of human bodies as art. An exhibition called Gunther von Hagens BODY WORLDS The Original Exhibition of Real Human Bodies is now touring the United States. This exhibition endangers human bodies that have been plasticized, doing various normal human activities. Some displays have cadavers in the middle of making a setting in basketball, while others displays a family sitting around a kitchen table. In this day of rapid technological advances, it is sometimes hard to distinguish pure art from crimi nal activity.At fist glance most people are amazed to see that technology has allowed a concept like this to be possible. some people feel that there is much to be learned about the human body through this display of art. On the other hand many a(prenominal) people are outraged by the exhibit calling it a denigration of the human spirit. Others havecalled it a criminal act. The companies that process these human bodies are currently being investigated by the U.S. government. Many fingers have been pointed at China for having a black market for cadavers. No one knows for sure how the companies even come across so many cadavers and if the persons permission was given. One thing is for sure that this form of art represents the mind set of the world today. This piddling fraction of the art world represents the change in religious beliefs, technology, and artistic expression today (Cattani, 2008).MusicMusic is definitely an area that changes through the attitudes and expression of pas t generations, in particular in the African-American community. During the time of slavery music was a way for slaves to capture some of the heritage that was so violently taken away from them. sympathetic to musicians today, one of the way slaves used music was as a way to express the way they felt about the environment around them. Many songs from those years represented oppression and sorrow. Some other songs represented times of joy or the hope of overcoming oppression. Slaves also used music for celebration, communication, and mourning (Slave Songs, n.d.).Todays African-American community still uses music in some of the same ways. Times have changed. Slavery has been abolished but from slavery there arose racial separatism, feelings of abominate between the races, and distrust of Caucasians by other races. This is where the harshness and intentionally angry voice of gangsta rap is derived. This genre of music is an outlet for young African American males to voice the inequa lity and unjust behaviors that they feel from society.ArchitectureFrank Lloyd Wright is one the foremost fathers of modern American architecture. He believed that past methods for architecture were relied too heavily. Wright made it a point to reject the 19th century European architecture that people were used to. His style was attributed to the blocks he played with as a child and from modern Japanese architecture. Since the world was going through a new industrial period, Wright felt is was necessary to include materials that emphasized the world around him. He began to use materials much(prenominal) as steel and glass in his architecture. Openfloor plans with few walls separating rooms were also a turn from traditional architecture (Modern Architecture, 2007).PhilosophyOne of the noted pioneers of modern philosophy is John Dewey. Among other branches of philosophy, Dewey was relentless on the subject of experimental education. Dewey believed that the current method of education was more concerned with feeding children information rather then learning from the childs experiences. Dewey believed that it is the educators responsibility to facilitate learning in a way which accounts for each students uniqueness. Today, many school philosophies are still based on Deweys theory of experience (Neill, 2005).LiteratureThe information age has had a lasting effect on modern literature. Through T.V., the internet, and the media information is capable of being exchanged over long distances in a very short period of time. Mankind has shown a hunger for information in modern years. In the 21st century literature related to true events have become very popular. Because of this, the status of celebrities has fairly fallen. The people who used to be held as iconic figures have become as human as of all timeyone else today. Instead of the imaginative fiction literary working that used to be the norm, today autobiographies and tabloid magazines are flying off the shelves. The situation only reflects the information driven society from which it comes.The study of humanities is an ever changing journey. Humanities will changes with the questions and expression about every generation to come. Humanities are unique in that a quest for the purpose and sum of the human life is being sought. As time goes on, the study of humanities will be become broader, taking with it all the questions of yesterday.ReferencesCattani, T. (2008). Human cadavers on displayas an attraction?. Retrieved February 22, 2008,from Living Lake Country Web site http//community.livinglakecountry.com/blogs/from_another_side/archive/2008/02/15/human-cadavers-on-display-as-an-attraction.aspxModern Architecture, (2007). Retrieved February 22, 2008, from Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia Web site

Twenty First Century

Twenty-first Century Skill Trading Carbon CreditsPublished June 8, 2011 Author Julia Hanna Cap and trade has become an increasingly popular mechanism which is used by governments to increase green behavior and to cut corporate defilement. this article told, the students at Harvard Business School use a simulation to learn how it works and includes an oppugn with professor Peter Coles. In industries its really important to know how jacket and trade Works and because of that a Harvard Business School professor, Peter Coles, gives his students an prospect to experience the carbon trading simulation.He has used the simulation in the elective course Managing Networked Businesses and the doctoral course Market Design. The basic concept is a cap which is set on carbon emissions. Students are wanted to try to rise profits with clean technologies. So that we can say the simulation provides a classroom experience for students to see the impact of different design principles in the cap-an d-trade mechanism. At first nobody knows what the appropriate permit hurt is so they are in an unknowledge and fort his situation, Coles says, Those who make poor choices feel the consequences of price uncertainty most deeply.One of the cement factory managers begins with no permits. While that may bet unfair, its a condition that mirrors real life. Typically, these permits are grandfathered, Coles says. They go to incumbent firms with the best lobbyists, while the new guy faces an uphill battle. Sometimes groups will find that the price drops to zero, upsetting students who are stuck with suddenly worthless permits. In other instances, the price rises dramatically. both extremes offer useful discussion points, says Coles, noting that the Europe Union experienced a price offend in 2006 that called the stability of the entire merchandise into question. As a class we can talk about whether a price collapse is really a problem, and if so, what can we do to fix it. A simple solutio n would be to not issue so many permits, which is easier said than done. another(prenominal) is to allow unused permits to be banked for future periods, while a third would be to establish a government-imposed floor or ceiling on rading prices that would nurture firms from those extremes. The profit point The profit-driven behavior of the cement factory managers eventually creates a clear aha moment. No one is idea about efficient reduction of pollution during the exercise, and that is really the whole point of the cap-and-trade scheme, Coles says. A property right is assigned to produce a certain amount of pollution and then market principles go to work. Afterward, in discussion, we look at whats happened and see that weve held pollution to the cap level incredibly efficiently. In the discussion, he adds, its possible to go through the math stinkpot the dynamic and the role of marginal cost of abatement in reaching this point. Students consider other market design factors duri ng the debriefing session, such as find out how to set initial permit allocations. As mentioned, grandfathering would give incumbent firms an advantage other options include auctioning permits to the highest bidders, or assessing each firms operations by size and pains and then estimating benchmark pollution levels if a firm exceeded those levels, it would need to buy additional permits.Trading in the United States While the United States hasnt taken part in global carbon cap-and-trade schemes, Coles notes that it has long had trading programs for sulfur and nitrogen oxides, the emissions that cause smog and acid rain. Our SOx and NOx markets are well functioning. Its an easier problem to solve because its a much local pollution. By contrast, if China, the United States, and India decide not to join a global carbon trading scheme, Europes efforts may appear insubstantial in decrease global warming.Worse, if cap and trade puts European firms at a permanent disadvantage in the glo bal market, this may further erode European exertion support. Using a simulation to grasp the mechanics and economic efficiencies of cap and trade is one matter. But factoring in the complexities of global politics? Coles has been thinking about an extension of the simulation, in which the United States joins the European Unions carbon market as a means of testing what happens when markets are linked. There will in all likelihood never be a simulation that captures and accurately predicts the intricacies of eopoliticsbut its a start. Cap and trade has become an increasingly popular mechanism which is used by governments to increase green behavior and to cut corporate pollution. this article told, the students at Harvard Business School use a simulation to learn how it works and includes an question with professor Peter Coles. In industries its really important to know how cap and trade Works and because of that a Harvard Business School professor, Peter Coles, gives his students an opportunity to experience the carbon trading simulation.He has used the simulation in the elective course Managing Networked Businesses and the doctoral course Market Design. The basic concept is a cap which is set on carbon emissions. Students are wanted to try to rise profits with clean technologies. So that we can say the simulation provides a classroom experience for students to see the impact of different design principles in the cap-and-trade mechanism. At first nobody knows what the appropriate permit price is so they are in an unknowledge and fort his situation, Coles says, Those who make poor choices feel the consequences of price uncertainty most deeply.One of the cement factory managers begins with no permits. While that may count unfair, its a condition that mirrors real life. Sometimes groups will find that the price drops to zero, upsetting students who are stuck with suddenly worthless permits. In other instances, the price rises dramatically. Both extremes offer useful discussion points, says Coles The profit-driven behavior of the cement factory managers eventually creates a clear aha moment.Using a simulation to grasp the mechanics and economic efficiencies of cap and trade is one matter. But factoring in the complexities of global politics? Coles has been thinking about an extension of the simulation, in which the United States joins the European Unions carbon market as a means of testing what happens when markets are linked. There will probably never be a simulation that captures and accurately predicts the intricacies of geopoliticsbut its a start.

Visual storytelling in films

Literature ReviewIntroductionIn this foreword subdivision, more than a few factors that shape the art of associating visuals and narratives in pics ordain be listed down. These factors will be the root of the research in order to execute the methodological abbreviation analysis of the thesis, in add-on to replying the research inquiries either bit pricy as analysing the obtained consequences from the research. optical written reporttelling in spuds What is it?The exact description of ocular storytelling is difficult to narrow down compactly as there atomic number 18 assorted schools of idea sing the affair. All the same, The International Film School of Paris ( EICAR ) had defined it honestly as Communicating visually in signifiers that basis be read or looked upon. In film a narrative is most ocular when thoughts and emotions be expressed through public presentation and aesthetics as opposed to dialogue. Based on that word picture it is non difficult to understand why Mon aco ( 2000 ) claims that a movie is a linguistic communication for it communicates to an audience. It is non a linguistic communication in the sense of English, French or Mathematic is, for there is no such involvement as grammar or vocabulary that needed acquisition.Campsall ( 2002 ) is in understanding as he elaborated that the linguistic communication of movie expresses the vogue a movie would speak to its audiences and witnesss which is why managers, manufacturers and editors work to bring forth intending from the traveling still images of movie, picture and telecasting. The viewing audiences in the terminal be responsible in decrypting these signifi ignoreces in a non dissimilar manner to construing spoken and written linguistic communication. When watching a movie everyone from assorted age groups is able to grok the visuals they see. Monaco ( 2000 ) states farther that there are two decisions, that everyone crapper comprehend and place a ocular image which leads to the a bove statement. Another is that even the simplest ocular images are interpreted otherwise in by people with different backgrounds. This is because, as human existences, we dont merely read what we see but we bring to our reading of traveling images, a scope of preexistent come out of the clo bushellooks, information and common experiences that form the significance we take from what we see ( Campsall, 2002 ) .An indispensable aspect of movie linguistic communication is its absorbing desire and its manifestation of pragmatism alike known as verisimilitude. As Campsall ( 2002 ) wrote, it is non merely as if the audiences are watching a bona fide window on the world , its a window that they would want to stay on observation. Through these agencies, movies are non merely capable of being entertaining, edifying and informing to its viewing audiences, but alike enabling them to comprehend the universe in a peculiar agency. Furthermore this amazes the movie linguistic communication re ally much recognized as semiotic what with the use of marks, codifications and conventions. Those who could understand the linguistic communication are able to see the methods or conventions utilise for ocular storytelling.Throughout this research, there were many books and articles that voiced out their sentiments on methods of reading a movie each movie slangs have their specific symbolism and usage depending on what the elbow room of the narrative. When one is able to decent read a movie by agencies of placing and understanding the conventions, one would be capable of ocular storytelling ( Sijll, 2005 ) . Below is the list of the accrued conventions used in at presents ocular storytelling.Ocular Storytelling SpaceSpace in movie refers to the spacial kineticss built-in in the physique of a movie. One would state that a movie frame is kindred to a inactive snapshot therefore portion of a moving image. Like a picture, the inactive image of the frame presents built-in storytel ling chances. Because a film is a gesture image, the composing of the frame continuously changes. This added features affords two of import narrative elements that of screen way and comparing. Screen way can propose hostility, individuality, and struggle, for illustration. A traveling frame might be used to stand for alteration, similarity or its face-to-face, stasis.Ocular Storytelling Framing a CompositionThe oculus responds otherwise to assorted ocular stimulations. Among the most of import elements that have been discerned are brightness, coloring material, size, form, gesture, velocity, and way. Through careful uses these elements can be used to steer the audiences attending and emotional response. As ever, content, apposition with surrounding frames, and the intersection of other elements will lend to the viewers response.Ocular Storytelling Shape within the FrameDepending on usage and context, forms can be used to propose thoughts and emotions. Traditionally there are three cardinal forms the circle, the real and the trigon. Out of these three, many signifiers can be derived out of them the half circle, the rectangle, and many others. For each forms there are certain traditional association made of them. tug ( 2008 ) listed in The Visual Story some of the form significances. Rounded Shapes are associated with indirectness, inactive, romantic, refering to nature, soft organic, childlike, safe and flexible. Squares nevertheless are direct, industrial, ordered, additive, unnatural, grownup, and rigidity. Triangles are for aggressiveness and kineticss. Block cautiousnesss that these are non regulations for new associations can ever be made depending on the demand of the narrative. Shape is simply one component in the frame.Ocular Storytelling editEditing is a manner of compressing clip and infinite or bring forthing the result of a dream sequence or flashback. The consequences of redacting are more oftentimes than non seamless and natural that the audi ences tend non to be cognizant of it. In theory, redacting is the bottleneck of medical prognosiss through assembly of shootings. Different picks of redacting could steer the audiences emotional response. Pudovkin ( 1926 ) had set down five redacting techniques that remain the foundation of the modern twenty-four hours film editing contrast, correspondence, symbolism, simultaneousness, Leit-Motif.Ocular Storytelling TimeA movie is a dramatic archetype of life. It is made up of videos ordered to stand for the transition of movie clip through the assembly of emended shootings. Film clip is seldom paced the same as existent life. With the exclusion of mise-en-scene, most emended sequences pull strings existent clip. From one cut to another, an chance of changing experiences of existent clip can be made. The ground film makers alter clip is because they are making a dramatic narrative. Merely those minutes that contribute to its promotion are implicated, all else is go away out.Oc ular Storytelling Sound and MusicOutside of the medicinal drugal mark, films rely on three sorts of sound to state their narratives Dialogues, voiceover and sound effects. While voiceover and duologue are good understood to be writers tools, few film writers approach sound effects with the same certainty. Yet sound effects are every bit much the horizon of the author as are ocular metaphor, sound effects can besides propose an drawn-out aural metaphor. They can add beds of intending to a movie that are difficult to accomplish in other ways. Sound effects can be obvious or elusive. They can deliberately pull attending, or manipulate with stealing. They can expose, camouflage, suggest set up or uncover. They can besides be associated to specific essences or causes.Lyrics of music can move as the voice of a character. They can uncover the inner ideas in a manner that can be more evoke than a simple duologue scene. Lyrics can besides move as the voice of the storyteller. They add an other bringing system with which to parcel out character and thematic information. In other times, music is symbolically used as a narrative component.Ocular Storytelling PassagesThe motion between the terminal of one scene and the beginning of another is called a passage. Each passage presents an chance to convey narrative information by virtuousness of how the scenes are cut together. The scene can merely be cut with no knowing mention or constructed to add a narrative component. A duplicate passage is one manner to work this chance and can be achieved in an infinite figure of ways.Ocular Storytelling Lenss, Positions and Gestures of the CameraThe camera presents a scene topics, actions, scenes in a serial of shootings that render images on a screen. Alternatively of merely puting the camera where an audience can watch the action, the camera is able to supply the audience with prosecuting ocular experiences. mixed bag is of import for if a scene is merely rendered by a continu e series of broad shootings, the oculus will shortly tyres of repeats. A good shooting will normally incorporate a assortment of camera framings, and angles. For illustration by working the deepness of field of the lenses, each character on scene can populate their ain horizontal program. In this manner characters can be staged in-depth. This allows the audience to see each character responding to one event at the same time and in existent clip. Different places besides play a portion. The closer the camera is to a character, the more likely audiences will sympathize with the character.Ocular Storytelling Lighting and ColourFilm interprets topics and scenes as images of visible radiation and shadiness. Lighting is one of the few facets in movie that has the ability to make a certain world to the audience. There are a figure of different manners of lighting, each designated as a manner geared to the message and temper, every bit good as its genre. Lights can besides be used to weake n capable affair. Color on the other manus tends to be a subconscious component in movie. Its strongly emotional in its entreaty, expressive atmospheric. In short, color aid to propose tempers.Ocular Storytelling sustain, Wardrobes, and LocationsProps provide a dramatic manner to show a characters interior universe. Props speak visually, are nomadic, and can be returned to throughout the film. By measuredly choosing and working props, a films scene can be given an added bed of significance. Wardrobes are the same as props the determination to include wardrobe elements depends on whether it adds sufficient dramatic value be it to a character, to demo character transmutation or the transition of clip. Another manner to confound the interior ideas of character is to pull strings the locations. It besides offers a immense storytelling potency, for a certain location can rise play, suggest analogues and contrast besides specifying a character. All three can besides function the inten t of conveying a sense of metaphor to the movie.MentionsArnheim, R. 1969. Film as art. Berkeley University of California Press.Bellantoni, P. 2005. If it s violet, person s gon na decease. Amsterdam Focal Press.Bordwell, D. 1985. Narrative in the fiction movie. Madison, Wis. University of Wisconsin Press.Bordwell, D. Thompson, K. ( 2006 ) . Film Art An Introduction ( 8th ed. ) . novel York McGraw-HillBlock, B. ( 2008 ) . The Ocular Story ( 2nd ed. ) . Burlington Focal ImperativenessCampsall, S. ( 2002 ) . Analyzing Traveling Image Texts Film Language Online . easy hypertext transfer protocol //www.englishbiz.co.uk/downloads/filmanalysis.pdf 2011, January 7 .CustomFlix. ( Studio ) . ( 2006 ) . Ocular Culture Ocular Storytelling videodisc . ( Available from Amazon.com )Douglass, J. Harnden, G. ( 1996 ) . The Art of Technique An Aesthetic Approach to Film and Video Production. Boston Allyn & A BaconDirks, T. ( No day of the month ) . History of Film The Pre-1920s Online . Available hypertext transfer protocol //www.filmsite.org/pre20sintro.html 2011, February 25 .Duguid, M. ( No day of the month ) . Hitchcocks Style Online . Available hypertext transfer protocol //www.screenonline.org.uk/tours/hitch/tour1.html 2011, February 25 .Ebert, R. ( 2008 ) . How to read a film. Roger Eberts Journal Online , 14paragraphs. Available hypertext transfer protocol //blogs.suntimes.com/ebert/2008/08/how_to_read_a_movie.html 2008, August 30 .Freeman, D. ( No day of the month ) . Ocular Storytelling in Batman Begins Online . Available hypertext transfer protocol //www2.beyondstructure.com/article_batman.php 2011, February 25 .Gelmis, J. ( 1970 ) . The Film Director As Superstar. New York Doubleday & A Company.Giannetti, L. ( 2001 ) . Understanding Movies ( 9th ed. ) . New Jersey Prentice HallGreen, D. E. 2003. The proper usage of cinematic storytelling in scriptural sermon.Hallahan, K. 1999. Seven theoretical accounts of framing Deductions for public dealingss. Journal of Public Relations Research, 11 ( 3 ) , pp. 205 242.Martz, M. and Hallahan, K. 2009. Film makers as Social AdvocatesA New altercate for Issues Management Claims-making and Framing in Four Social Issue Documentaries. Pedagogical Posters _ 156, p. 119.Metz, C. ( 1990 ) . Film Language A Semioticss of the Cinema. Chicago University Of Chicago Press.Monaco, J. and Lindroth, D. 2009. How to read a movie. New York Oxford University Press.Playboy ( 1968, September ) . What did Kubrick hold to state about what 2001 agencies ? Playboy Magazine, 10 paragraphs. Available hypertext transfer protocol //www.krusch.com/kubrick/Q12.html 2010, 12, December Pimenta, S. and Poovaiah, R. 2010. On specifying ocular narrations. IDC Design Research Journal, 3 pp. 25 46.Pudovkin, V. ( 1926 ) . Film technique and Film Acting. New York Grove PressRosenbaum, J. 2010. Goodbye film, hullo cinephilia. Chicago University of Chicago Press.Sijll, J.V. ( 2005 ) . Cinematic Storytelling The 1 00 Most Powerful Film Conventions Every Filmmaker Must Know. California Michael WieseWard, P. ( 2003 ) . Picture Composition for Film and Television ( 2nd ed. ) . Burlington Focal ImperativenessZettl, H. 1973. Sight, sound, gesture applied media aesthetics. Belmont, Calif. Wadsworth Pub. Co.

Perspectives on Inequality and Poverty Essay

Our society today is currently experiencing a widening of the gap between the lively and the poor. As the saying goes, the rich is getting richer and the poor is getting poorer, our society attests to such truth, where the wealthy is gaining more money while the poors baptistry is getting worse by the minute. Poverty is a big problem ever since the dawn of man. In an ideal world, the number of resources produced could feed more than each of the hungry mouths all over the world.But in pragmatism, wealth is not distributed properly to every living individual. There argon those who get more as compared to those who get less or get nothing at all. The sad reality If you take into consideration every living individual in a certain community, only a small fraction of its population enjoy living a well-off life, and a majority suffer from lack of resources or doesnt have enough to fill their stomachs.A fraction of imbalance in the distribution of resources and wealth affects a greater n umber of people, wherein the sad reality lies on whom are the ones getting much and who are the ones gaining a lot. This is the sad reality in our society, where people thrive in a world modify with inequality and sadly, majority of the people suffer from the extra gains of some people (Besley & Cord, 2007). Class inequality can be traced way back in the report of men, when people learned to classify themselves, making some superior and some, well, rather inferior.Another sad reality is that the ones who are in the higher echelons of the society are the ones who are not doing actual hard labor. These people are the ones capitalizing from the hard work of the poor working class, sweating their lungs out, literally large-minded their sweat and blood just to make money. This labor force is the one who is actually earning the money it is their effort and strength that makes the real cash, not the ones bossing them around.But the callosity of life is reflected in this situation the o nes working hard gets paid less, barely enough to make a living out of it, while the ones bossing everyone around gets a much bigger share, wherein they have exerted minimal or no real effort in doing so (Kohl, 2003). This is the present situation of the working class of the past, the present, and perchance of the future. There are some great thinkers who have pondered on these things so to speak.This people, though separated by different views, expressed their opinions about how inequalities in the classes make it and why poverty exists, depending on how they see the situation. Their take on the realities are reciprocated by approval or by rejection from the people looking at their ideas. near may seem radical to others, but some deem that is the necessary thought for that certain specific topic. These great thinkers include Karl Marx, Max Weber and Oscar Lewis.